Tuesday, 16 August 2011

Final Work 1. (Phrasal Verb )

Phrasal Verbs

1.       Team up
                To join somebody in order to do something together.
                EX:          I teamed up with Joviana to pelan the project.

2.       Hang on
To wait for a short time
Ex:          Hang on, Don’t let go!

3.      Tear off
=designed to be easily removed by tearing, usually along aperforated line
Ex:       a sales letter with a tear-off order blank

4.       Run Down
To stop functionally gradually.
Ex:          turn the light off or you’ll run the battery down.

5.       Sell off
To sell in order to get rid of it, often at a low price.
Ex:          The shops sell their remaining winter clothes off in the spring sales.

6.       Sell out
To be all sold.
Ex:          All the tickets sold out within in two hours.

7.       Walk out
To leave suddenly and angrily
Ex:          she walked out of the meeting in disgust.

8.       Watch out
To be careful because of possible danger or trouble
Ex:          Watch out! There’s a car coming.

9.       Wind up
To find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend to be in.
Ex:          we got lost and wound up in a dangerous-looking part of town.

10.  act on Description: http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png
=to act in accordance with; follow: He acted on my advice.
=to have an effect on; affect: The stirring music actedon the emotions of the audience.



11.  get ahead of,
=to move forward of, as in traveling: The taxi got aheadof her after the light changed.
=to surpass; outdo: He refused to let anyone get a head of him in business.

12.  Block off
To separate one area from another with something solid.
Ex:       this section of motorway has been block off by the police.

13.  Stock up
To collect a large supply of something for future use.
Ex:       to stock up with food for the winter.

14.  Think of
To create an idea in your imagination.
Ex:       who first thought of the plan?

15.  Land up
To finish in a certain position or situation
Ex:       He landed up in a prison cell for the night.


16.    run away
leave unexpectedly, escape
Ex:    The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.


17.    run out
have none left
Ex:    We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.


18.    send something back
return (usually by mail)
Ex:    My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.


19.    bring someone up
raise a child
Ex:     My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.


20.    call around
phone many different places/people
Ex:    We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
21.    check in
arrive and register at a hotel or airport
Ex:    We will get the hotel keys when we check in.


22.    check out
leave a hotel
Ex:    You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.


23.    dress up
wear nice clothing
Ex:    It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.


24.    drop back
move back in a position/group
Ex:    Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.


25.    warm up
prepare body for exercise
Ex:    I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.


26.    wear off
fade away
Ex:    Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party


27.    work out
exercise
Ex:    Our plan worked out fine.


28.    work out
be successful
Ex:    I work out at the gym three times a week.


29.    Work out
make a calculation
Ex:    We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.



30.    throw away
dispose of
Ex:    We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery


31.    Turn down
decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Ex:    Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.


32.    Work out
make a calculation
Ex:    We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.


33.    Throw away
dispose of
Ex:    We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery


34.    Turn down
decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Ex:    Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.


35.    look up to 
have a lot of respect for
Ex:    My little sister has always looked up to me.


36.    make up
invent, lie about something
Ex:    Josie made up a story about about why we were late.


37.    pass away
die
Ex:    His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.


38.    pass out
faint
Ex:    It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.



39.    keep someone
stop from entering
Ex:    Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.


40.    keep up
continue at the same rate
Ex:    If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.


41.    let down
fail to support or help, disappoint
Ex:    I need you to be on time. Don't let medown this time.


42.    let in
allow to enter
Ex:    Can you let the cat in before you go to school?


43.    go ahead
start, proceed
Ex:    Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.


44.    go back
return to a place
Ex:    I have to go back home and get my lunch.


45.    go out
leave home to go on a social event
Ex:    We're going out for dinner tonight.

Final Work 1. (Phrasal Verb )


Phrasal Verbs

1.       Team up
                To join somebody in order to do something together.
                EX:          I teamed up with Joviana to pelan the project.

2.       Hang on
To wait for a short time
Ex:          Hang on, Don’t let go!

3.      Tear off
=designed to be easily removed by tearing, usually along aperforated line
Ex:       a sales letter with a tear-off order blank

4.       Run Down
To stop functionally gradually.
Ex:          turn the light off or you’ll run the battery down.

5.       Sell off
To sell in order to get rid of it, often at a low price.
Ex:          The shops sell their remaining winter clothes off in the spring sales.

6.       Sell out
To be all sold.
Ex:          All the tickets sold out within in two hours.

7.       Walk out
To leave suddenly and angrily
Ex:          she walked out of the meeting in disgust.

8.       Watch out
To be careful because of possible danger or trouble
Ex:          Watch out! There’s a car coming.

9.       Wind up
To find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend to be in.
Ex:          we got lost and wound up in a dangerous-looking part of town.

10.  act on Description: http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/dictionary/graphics/luna/thinsp.png
=to act in accordance with; follow: He acted on my advice.
=to have an effect on; affect: The stirring music actedon the emotions of the audience.



11.  get ahead of,
=to move forward of, as in traveling: The taxi got aheadof her after the light changed.
=to surpass; outdo: He refused to let anyone get a head of him in business.

12.  Block off
To separate one area from another with something solid.
Ex:       this section of motorway has been block off by the police.

13.  Stock up
To collect a large supply of something for future use.
Ex:       to stock up with food for the winter.

14.  Think of
To create an idea in your imagination.
Ex:       who first thought of the plan?

15.  Land up
To finish in a certain position or situation
Ex:       He landed up in a prison cell for the night.


16.    run away
leave unexpectedly, escape
Ex:    The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.


17.    run out
have none left
Ex:    We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.


18.    send something back
return (usually by mail)
Ex:    My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.


19.    bring someone up
raise a child
Ex:     My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.


20.    call around
phone many different places/people
Ex:    We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
21.    check in
arrive and register at a hotel or airport
Ex:    We will get the hotel keys when we check in.


22.    check out
leave a hotel
Ex:    You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.


23.    dress up
wear nice clothing
Ex:    It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.


24.    drop back
move back in a position/group
Ex:    Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.


25.    warm up
prepare body for exercise
Ex:    I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.


26.    wear off
fade away
Ex:    Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party


27.    work out
exercise
Ex:    Our plan worked out fine.


28.    work out
be successful
Ex:    I work out at the gym three times a week.


29.    Work out
make a calculation
Ex:    We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.



30.    throw away
dispose of
Ex:    We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery


31.    Turn down
decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Ex:    Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.


32.    Work out
make a calculation
Ex:    We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.


33.    Throw away
dispose of
Ex:    We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery


34.    Turn down
decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)
Ex:    Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.


35.    look up to 
have a lot of respect for
Ex:    My little sister has always looked up to me.


36.    make up
invent, lie about something
Ex:    Josie made up a story about about why we were late.


37.    pass away
die
Ex:    His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.


38.    pass out
faint
Ex:    It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.



39.    keep someone
stop from entering
Ex:    Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.


40.    keep up
continue at the same rate
Ex:    If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.


41.    let down
fail to support or help, disappoint
Ex:    I need you to be on time. Don't let medown this time.


42.    let in
allow to enter
Ex:    Can you let the cat in before you go to school?


43.    go ahead
start, proceed
Ex:    Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.


44.    go back
return to a place
Ex:    I have to go back home and get my lunch.


45.    go out
leave home to go on a social event
Ex:    We're going out for dinner tonight.

Monday, 15 August 2011

Thomas Edison




Life :
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Edison is the third most prolific inventor in history, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures. His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Manhattan Island, New York.

Contribution:
Electric light
Building on the contributions of other developers over the previous three quarters of a century, Edison made significant improvements to the idea of incandescent light, and wound up in the public consciousness as "the inventor" of the light bulb, and a prime mover in developing the necessary infrastructure for electric power.
After many experiments with platinum and other metal filaments, Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879 it lasted 40 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires". Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways",it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered a carbonized bamboo filament that could last over 1,200 hours. The idea of using this particular raw material originated from Edison's recalling his examination of a few threads from a bamboo fishing pole while relaxing on the shore of Battle Lake in the present-day state of Wyoming, where he and other members of a scientific team had traveled so that they could clearly observe a total eclipse of the sun on July 29, 1878, from the Continental Divide
In 1878, Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York City with several financiers, including J. P. Morgan and the members of the Vanderbilt family. Edison made the first public demonstration of his incandescent light bulb on December 31, 1879, in Menlo Park. It was during this time that he said: "We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles."
Lewis Latimer joined the Edison Electric Light Company in 1884. Latimer had received a patent in January 1881 for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of carbon filaments for lightbulbs. Latimer worked as an engineer, a draftsman and an expert witness in patent litigation on electric lights.
George Westinghouse's company bought Philip Diehl's competing induction lamp patent rights (1882) for $25,000, forcing the holders of the Edison patent to charge a more reasonable rate for the use of the Edison patent rights and lowering the price of the electric lamp.
On October 8, 1883, the US patent office ruled that Edison's patent was based on the work of William Sawyer and was therefore invalid. Litigation continued for nearly six years, until October 6, 1889, when a judge ruled that Edison's electric light improvement claim for "a filament of carbon of high resistance" was valid. To avoid a possible court battle with Joseph Swan, whose British patent had been awarded a year before Edison's, he and Swan formed a joint company called Ediswan to manufacture and market the invention in Britain.
Mahen Theatre in Brno in what is now the Czech Republic, was the first public building in the world to use Edison's electric lamps, with the installation supervised by Edison's assistant in the invention of the lamp, Francis Jehl. In September 2010, a sculpture of three giant light bulbs was erected in Brno, in front of the theatre.